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captain kelly it's scott pelley

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hi scott every time i hear your name on

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60 minutes i turn around and it sounds

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i to be honest with you i have to tell

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you how many people have stopped me on

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the street astonished to see me because

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they heard on the radio that scott

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that's pretty funny

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i kid you not i think some people in the

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audience would prefer

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that i'd be up there too i would gladly

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trade a consonant to switch places with

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well we enjoy watching 60 minutes up

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here so i guess if you were here with us

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you could do some uh you could do it

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absolutely we'd be proud to do it let's

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talk about the medical mission for just

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a moment a round-trip mission to mars

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would take a year and a half or so what

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are some of the big unanswered questions

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the big one we have right now is this

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issue with our vision and

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you know how

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astronauts some astronauts on

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long-duration space flights have had a

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uh you know degradation in their vision

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that is concerning you you wouldn't want

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you know some astronauts to get on mars

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after a year and a half or you know

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longer or when they're coming home and

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not be able to see

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it's something we don't understand but

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it's something we're working uh hard at

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understanding and mitigating the effects

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we've done a lot of research up here

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since i've been here to better

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understand that

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and then there's the more commonly uh

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discussed issues of bone loss and muscle

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loss

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uh that we you know have a pretty good

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handle on and understand how to mitigate

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those through exercise and diet

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um

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and then there's the effects of

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radiation and you know the study we're

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doing with my brother

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is

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you know partially looking into that and

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how that affects

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us and the the environment here on a

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you and your brother are the only

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siblings to have flown in space and i

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wonder

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what does having identical twins get you

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well you know we are very uh very

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similar genetically um

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not

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you know 100 percent the same but 99.9

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similar or identical with regards to our

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dna our rna you know and proteins now

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those things

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manifest themselves differently in in

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individuals based on

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you know various factors including their

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environment but you know the two of us

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are as close as you can get with the

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people that have flown in space

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and

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you know there are a lot of factors here

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that can affect us on a genetic scale

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for instance of the radiation or you

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know even the microgravity environment

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so having my brother as a control

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subject you know someone that nasa has

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studied for a long time knows

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knows him very well have has samples um

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you know

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for him from from decades ago it's a you

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know a perfect opportunity to see

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how we change on a genetic basis over

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the course of the year i'm going to be

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now i know the answer to this question

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but tell the folks at home why you have

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well um it's interesting you know it's

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kind of awkward the position you you've

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your natural like floating position

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it's i don't know it's sort of

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comfortable but it's awkward to have

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your arms out like this i think um

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it's also a little chilly in here

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so it's kind of a combination of the two

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i would put my hands in my pockets but

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then people tell me hey

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why are you putting your hands in your

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and if you move your arms around too

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much you start to float around isn't

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that right you start to

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i guess you you could

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maybe a little bit but you're really the

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major

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is that this is not comfortable i mean

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it's somewhat comfortable but it's also

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awkward to be floating around like this

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this is your fourth mission

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in space you've been the commander of

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the space station before

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the first element of the station was

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launched in 1998.

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so i was here in uh in 2007 uh as a

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shuttle crew member and then in

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2010 i launched in october came home in

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2011. so it was about four years uh a

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gap

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between the time i lived here for six

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months and now and i was surprised at

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how

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similar it looked um

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you know it really didn't look like it

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had aged much at all

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the systems are still operating very

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well of course as as things get older

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you

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generally will have more problems and we

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expect that but we plan for it but the

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you know the space station is in pretty

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good shape and you know i think we can

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fly it for a long time and do a lot of a

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lot of great research here we're going

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to have 400 experiments running while

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i'm here for this year and you know we

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you know there are a lot of things you

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can't tell from television what what

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does it sound like in there what does it

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smell like in there does it smell like a

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you know the the smell is a combination

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you know and it smells differently in

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different places but you know

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occasionally like an antiseptic

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uh smell combined with like garbage

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but it doesn't really smell bad but it

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does have a unique smell now space has

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its own unique smell so whenever a

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vehicle docks

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or you know if guys are out doing a

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space walk

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the smell of space when you open up the

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uh the hatch is very uh distinct it's

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kind of like a burnt uh

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like a burning metal smell if you could

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imagine what that would smell like and

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as far as the sounds on the space

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station it's uh

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you know it's pumps fans motors

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certain modules are louder than others

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but it's uh

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you know it's generally a pretty nice

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working environment it's not

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now you're going to be up there about a

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year and i wonder does that feel like a

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you know there

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are probably some similarities i would i

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would suspect you know you can't leave

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uh

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you know no matter what happens you're

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you know we don't get to go outside so

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that's a little bit different i would

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imagine a lot of jails people get fresh

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air so you don't you don't get that here

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and you don't get real sunlight you know

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there's a little sun coming through the

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windows but

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so

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you know it's

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in some ways i guess it's similar in

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some ways it's uh

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different

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the big difference though is here we're

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here but here by choice so that makes i

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guess the situation feel a little bit

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but in all serials but in all

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seriousness what are the psychological

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effects of being confined in that space

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yeah so i've been up here you know

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almost 90 days and uh

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i got

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you know about

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250 to go or something like that uh and

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yeah it seems like i've been up here for

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a long time already

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but the psychological effects are one of

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the reasons we're doing this is to

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better understand that now i think

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at least where i am at this point i'm

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not going to have any major issues with

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it but i'm very conscious of the fact

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that i have to manage my fatigue level

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and you know rest when i have time to

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rest and exercise and you know do all

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those things that that can you know just

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help me get to the end of this with the

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amount of energy and

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you know attention to detail and the

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enthusiasm i have at the beginning but

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certainly you know that's one of the

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reasons we're doing this if we're going

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to go further from earth you know to

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mars or somewhere else someday we have

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to

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you know have a good understanding of

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the psychological impact on people and

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not only you know psychologically but

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how it affects their cognition you know

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we're doing a lot of research on my

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cognitive abilities and you know some of

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those tests i'm doing will compare it to

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my brother over the course of this year

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although my cognition i think is

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generally better than his in general but

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we're still you know he's the closest

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comparison we have but yeah all those

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factors are one of the reasons why we're

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scott kelly about 200 miles up traveling

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at 17 000 miles an hour we're grateful

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my pleasure